Compartment syndrome of the hand: A case report and review of literature

Elevation of pressure within tightly bound myofascial compartments has detrimental consequences if not treated promptly, leading to a loss of circulation, ischemia, myonecrosis, nerve damage, and limb loss. They are commonly seen in the distal upper and lower extremities; however, compartment syndrome of the hand is rarely encountered and prompt recognition can prevent permanent damage and tissue loss. This case study presents a complicated case of compartment syndrome of the hand and discusses the interrelationship between compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. An emphasis is placed on pathophysiology of this relationship to allow a better understanding of the imaging features as well as early clinical recognition of compartment syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging findings are specifically discussed as it remains the best imaging tool to evaluate the extent of the damage and surgical planning.